Pros and Cons to Vaccination in Children - 1750 Words

Jennifer Krahenbuhl English 102 Patricia McKeown September 1st 2014 Pros and Cons to Vaccinations in Children Almost everyone has heard of the benefits and dangers of childhood vaccines. Parents are especially eager to do what is best for their child to protect him or her. Some people have different opinions on what the best specifically entails when it comes to childhood vaccines. Vaccinations are a controversial discussion as parents question whether it should be mandatory or optional when they feel the cons outweigh the pros. The government says it is the right thing to do for parents and their families to remain safe from illnesses and diseases. However, there have been opinions of opposition voiced by parents and health†¦show more content†¦A child should receive two dosages of the chicken pox immunization. The child will acquire the first dose between the ages of 12-15 months, and the second dosage between four and six years of age. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are three diseases that cause coughs, rashes, fevers and many other symptoms(CDC). Just as with the chicken pox vaccination, the MMR vaccination also requires administration in two doses. Doctors administer the first dose between 12-15 months and the second dose between four to six years of age. This vaccine is known as the most effective and safest vaccine. In 1962, one year before doctors administered the measles vaccination to people, almost 500,000 cases were reported in the United States. Ten years after the vaccine introduction, there were about 32,000 cases(CDC). After another decade, there were fewer than 2,000 cases of measles. Since the vaccine entered the medical marketplace, there are only about 100 cases of measles reported every year(CDC). Hepatitis (types A and B) is a liver disease that is instigated by bacteria that can cause minor symptoms such as the flu, diarrhea, and stomach pains. If one should receive the vaccination he or she may acquire other symptoms; these symptoms consist of pain at the injection site, soreness, headaches, and possible weakness. Children should receive these vaccines between the ages of twelve to twenty-three months old at two separate times. Reactions to this vaccination are possibleShow MoreRelatedVaccines : The Causative Agent Of A Disease Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years, vaccines have become more advanced. For example, in 1955, public vaccination for Polio began and Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin found two different vaccines to fight this disease. Vaccines are very important in the world, yet many people have little knowledge about them. In today’s society, we have many different vaccines that hold great importance, though there many pros, there are still som e cons still not worked out. Ever since vaccines were created, many diseases have been curedRead MoreOutline Of An Article On Obesity And Vaccination Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween vaccination and autism and the scholarly article aims to prove this through the use of a study. The article is neutral in terms of bias as it provides factual information based off of studies. It is a relevant source as it talks about a study showing there is no correlation between autism and vaccination. The article ends with a list of sources and references to check its facts and data. This source will help me in my essay as it helps to disprove the myth of autism and vaccination. How VaccinesRead MoreShould Vaccines Be Required By Law?1670 Words   |  7 PagesVaccines be Required by Law? Introduction The Center for Disease Control estimated that 732,000 American children have been saved by vaccines in the last ten years. Vaccines should be required by law so that we can protect ourselves by building our immunity to preventable illnesses, in an easy, quick, and inexpensive fashion, helping stop major epidemics, and in conclusion, save lives. Body Con 1 - Vaccines weaken a person s immune system, and can in cases make someone ill. Vaccines are sometimesRead MoreYes or No to Mandatory Vaccinations Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesYes or No to Mandatory Vaccinations Should vaccinations be mandatory for children entering school? At the present time, all fifty states in the United States require children entering public school to be vaccinated. However, no federal vaccination laws exist (ProCon.org, Children Vaccinations, Did you know?). Many parents hold religious beliefs against vaccination. Forcing such parents to vaccinate their children would violate the First Amendment, which guarantees citizens the right toRead MoreVaccines Are Defined By Vaccines Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagestimes in their lives. In order to better understand the process of vaccines one must explore the history of vaccination, the pros and cons to receiving them, the different types of vaccines and what they do, and the risks that go along with not being vaccinated. (â€Å"Basics†). In 1796 Edward Jenner, a country doctor living in Berkeley (Gloucestershire), England performed the world’s first vaccination. Jenner took pus from a cowpox lesion on a milkmaid’s hand and injected it into an eight-year-old boy. â€Å"SixRead MoreVaccines : Vaccines Are Defined By Vaccines Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagestimes in their lives. In order to better understand the process of vaccines one must explore the history of vaccination, the pros and cons to receiving them, the different types of vaccines and what they do, and the risks that go along with not being vaccinated. (â€Å"Basics†). In 1796 Edward Jenner, a country doctor living in Berkeley (Gloucestershire), England performed the world’s first vaccination. Jenner took pus from a cowpox lesion on a milkmaid’s hand and injected it into an eight-year-old boy. â€Å"SixRead MoreImportance Of Immunisations And Vaccination833 Words   |  4 PagesImmunisations and vaccinations are cautionary practises that uses the body’s natural defence mechanism, also known as the immune response to become immune to various diseases and infections. A vaccination is just receiving a vaccine, whereas an immunisation is receiving a vaccine but also becoming immune to the disease by being vaccinated. The way this is done is by injecting a patient with a small / diluted or weakened dose of the disease or virus. The dose is small and weak enough to allow theRead MoreVaccinations Should Be A Big Controversy Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesVaccinations have become a big controversy and interest in society. Should I ge t vaccinated? Should I not? Should my kids be vaccinated? What’s in the shots? Harmful or not? Many questions and demanding answers have been asked. You can be for it or against it. Each side has their own view on the vaccines. Vaccinations are freedom of choice. There are benefits and side effects for each side. In this paper I will be explaining points of views and statistics on each vaccine. Everyone is entitled toRead MoreThe Current Debate Of Immunizations965 Words   |  4 Pagesutter chaos. This paper will discuss the current debate of immunizations across the United States. It will also talk about the pros and cons of vaccinating and not vaccinating your children. The history of vaccines and immunization all started because of Edward Jenner, a country doctor who was living in Berkeley, England, who in 1796 performed the world s first vaccination. Jenner had an interest in natural history and animal biology sparked his medical understanding of the human- animal trans-speciesRead MoreVaccines And Immunizations On Children And Their Development952 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Vaccines are harmful to children they cause Autism, allergies, and death.† We have all heard someone say gruesome things about Vaccines and Immunizations, but what is the truth? In my research I have found that vaccines and immunizations can cause harmful effects on children and their development, but I have also gathered that they can cause a safer environment. Immunizations and vaccines are two different things, which is very misunderstood making parents stop vaccinations and immunizations to their

Persuasive Essay On The Armenian Genocide - 949 Words

What would happen if the world shared a single religion, culture and ethnic background? It would not be nearly as diverse and complex which is one of the many things that gives the sense that people set their own standards and values for themselves. That should be a right that no one should be able to take away. The Armenian Genocide was a genocide as defined by the UN Resolution 260 A III, in which Armenians were killed and tortured in whole or in part, by intentionally inflicting life-threatening conditions that would bring about their ethnic destruction in whole or in part, and by forcing them to migrate their children from one group to another. I. The killing and torturing of Armenians in part or whole defines the UN Resolution 260 A†¦show more content†¦2. â€Å"The bodies, some of which had been mutilated, were left for vultures or wild animals to pick apart. Even in death, dignity and respect were denied† (Whitehorn, â€Å"Victims†). 3. â€Å"The great massacres of 1894–1896, followed by others in 1909–1912, constituted a profound shock to the Armenian community, which was stripped of its land, ancestry, and culture† (â€Å"Armenian Genocide†). C. Many Armenians had to witness family, friends, and loved ones suffer as they were exterminated. 1. This was a testimony of Deli Sarkas, a man who lost his mother, father, and brother to the Armenian Genocide, â€Å"I stepped into a totally empty shell. Where once it had been full of life, now there was absolutely nothing. I opened my mouth to call out for my mother and father and my brothers, hoping that by saying their names out loud I could conjure them up from the dead. But 1 was mute... (Rowe). 2. â€Å"Ungor stresses a continuous policy of Turkification beginning with the expulsion of the Greeks, the Armenian Genocide, and massacres of Syriac communities and, in the mid-1920s and 1930s, by the killings, deportations, and mass deaths of hundreds of thousands of Kurds† (Chorbajian). 3. â€Å"In 1906 Boghos Nubar, heir to his fathers title and family fortune, took the lead, along with a group of wealthy Armenians in Egypt, to found the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) in Cairo, Egypt. Growing out of the concern for the tens of thousands of Armenians made destitute by the massive lossShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Olympic Games and Term Papers Free Essays

We have many premium term papers and essays on Hard Work Is Key To Success. We also have a wide variety of research papers and book reports available to you for free. You can browse our collection of term papers or use our search engine. We will write a custom essay sample on Olympic Games and Term Papers or any similar topic only for you Order Now [pic]Hard Work Is Key To Success Life is full of twistS and turns . Everyone has to struggle here in this world to overcome every obstacle in the way to success. For this hard work is necessary.Without working hard and just by sitting idle it will be hard for one to get success. Since from childhood and till now I always remember the sentence that my parents used to tell me â€Å"TO be A better person in life and to get success YOU havE to work hard, The result of hard work is always fruitful,so Today’s world is a competItive world. Everyone here wants to be famous and wantS success in his life. Whether he may be A successful boxer, sportman, his present positiOn is only due to hard work.Let’s take an example FROM people who win gold medalS in THE OLYMPIC Games ,novel prize in differENT fields of knowledge is only because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with it . Just by watching television and siTTing idle if YOU are saying that can bend down success in your knee means YOU are wrong. YeS perhaps YOU HAVE got success sometimes becAUSE of your luck but it is not true always . Saying that I am A lucky person success automatically comes †¦. hese are the only wordS of saying ,reality is different. There is a well kNown proverb â€Å"NO pain, NO gain† hard work never goES wasteD. Although it may be later or sooner success comes to YOUR feet. we can have a look towards the life of great PEOPLE in the world like Mahatma GHandhi ,NapoleOn ,Florence ,Shakespeare ,gautam buddha,Albert Einstein,Newton they all had struggled hard throughOUT their life . They had made the right USE of every second and finally evryone got success in their†¦ How to cite Olympic Games and Term Papers, Essays

Strategic Information System Accounting Software Industry

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System for Accounting Software Industry. Answer: Literature review The purpose of the literature review is to identify and discuss the accounting software industry in Australia. For this purpose, MYOB has been selected as the chosen organization.The literature review also discusses the current market size, identifies the market leaders, current gaps and challenges faced by the customers in Australia. Accounting software is more often the solution of the cash flow problems. It is a very surprising thing these days that a successful business is not using accounting software. This is the thing that keeps an eye on the companys money, helps in taxation, and helps in managing the business the whole year. In the past ten years, the software market in Australia has changed significantly, especially in accounting software. The distributorship has changed the whole picture. Xero has one of the leading market share, but other companies like Intuit and MYOB is not far behind.(Curtis 2015). History of the company MYOB, Mind Your Own Business is the leading business management provider in Australia (Curtis 2015). The company offers a range of products and services. It covers all the sectors related to accounting, CRM, job management, payroll, websites, and retail point of sale, professional tax solutions and more. Christopher Lee and a few Teleware developers together found this company in 1980. In 1999, it changed its name to MYOB Inc. after it entered into a contract with Data-Tech software. In 2004, the MYOB limited compound with Solution 6 holdings. In 2008, MYOB limited of Australia acquired Mac development team from the United States. Bain Capital bought MYOB in 2011 for an undisclosed amount. The merger helped Bain Capital a mainstream stake with MYBOB beside management that will be the shareholder in the company. The company offers a variety of products, which can be taken on subscription and it also supports the cloud based technology. Market size MYOB has more than 1.2 million happy customers across Australia and New Zealand. The company has more than forty thousand accountants, bookkeepers and other professional partners. In Australia every two of three businesses uses the MYOB accounting software (Curtis 2015). According to the latest segment revenue performance of MYOB, the Small Medium Enterprise revenue of the company has up by fourteen percent ($205 million), online users has also increased by forty six percent. That is more than one and a half million. The company has also seen a growth in the practice solutions, which is twenty-five percent of the total revenue. MYOB Advanced and MYOB Exo, the newly launched licensed desktop software, which comes under the enterprise solutions has grown thirteen percent (Curtis 2015). MYOB mainly helps in automate all the financial aspects of the business. The software built with GST and Vat ready and the latest version can also run on windows 8 . The accounting software is broadly used in GST countries namely Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand and many more. As a result, it is tested globally for the processing of GST. The enquiries raised by the users of MYBOB have been handled by a large group of technical team, which is always available. Market leaders Figure 1: Market share of MYOB (Source: Curtis 2015) Three companies dominate Australias accounting software market, namely Intuit, Xero and MYOB (Curtis 2015). The companies compete for supremacy in the huge market of software. It is important for every company to keep a track of its accounts in the business. Bookkeepers are no longer needed to keep track of everything, the software allows the business to make invoicing and it helps the management in cash flow management. The software can be run on desktop and mobile (Pavaloaia and Andone 2013). The accounting software industry is wide open by the cloud services of Xero and Intuit. In Australia, MYOB have been one of the leading companies which is maintaining the market share and raising a lot of revenue. On the other hand Xero has started from a very small New Zealand based start up to spend about two fifty million on developing the software. The company has a four million paying customers across one eighty countries. It processes about 240 billion in the transactions and over 90 millions in invoices(Curtis 2015). The software is very easy to use and it is one of the most innovative software in the market. The only problem with the software is the inventory. The inventory of Xero can only handle a limited number of transactions. US giant Intuit has also started to grow in the Australian market, Intuit is an US based software company which develops financial softwares.The company believes that the accounting software industry was being significantly interrupted but the room for growth was there. In the past few months the company has enlarged its team to more than 60 people and also acquired Invitco which is a data extraction company which deals with the automation of the extraction of the data used in accounting software. Intuit QuickBooks online has a feature called Money bar which helps the company to keep a focus on the cash flow. It also has a small ecosystem of the applications and the interface is well built (Jones and Jones 2016). Competitive advantage over other softwares In the recent years, MYOB has become one of the biggest SME accounting software in Australia. The newly launched MYOB Accounting essential is one of the best features that the software offers. It gives the company a competitive edge over other companies. This is probably the biggest threat to Xero in the country; as Xero has been in the market for quite some time. MYOB is popular for selling Account Right variety of mixed desktop software. Account Right has the capability to save the data to its online servers or in the desktop itself. The most amazing thing that the software offers is the complex inventory solutions, which most of the accounting software lacks or they have not yet added it to their software (Curtis 2012). Current challenges encountered by users of accounting software Accounting problems are very common among the people who use the accounting software. Lack of security Most of the software users are concerned about the data security. The valuable data can be accessed from the foreign parties. Though firewall is used for security reasons,butut sometimes the user doubts the capabilities of the firewall, The firewall is always available on a computer, but if the computer fails to identify the problem. Nothing much can be done. Weak reporting structure A lot of accounting software solutions are there in the market, which cannot help the user properly. The users are annoyed on the fact that they can easily put the data but when it comes to retrieving it, the process is not so smooth. Some users find it useless as the software does not support both the ways. Lack of efficiency The main reason of installing the accounting software is to do the accounting neatly and quickly. Every business owner wants the software to perform smoothly whenever required. Few accounting software are not user friendly and does not allow the user to use the keyboard properly. Using the software by only using the mouse makes it difficult for the user. Customization Due to system restriction, users cannot modify the software on their own. Moreover, some software are difficult to understand. CRM Using software needs proper guidance. asoftware software can be used in a number of way. Not enough training and development is given to the users. Most of the companies charge for the training. Companies charge even more when it comes to fixing a problem or any changes in the software. Technical support Though companies claim 24*7 support assistance, but in reality customers have to wait for the next business day to fix the problems regarding the accounting software. Most of the consultants only stay available during the business hours. Few companies offer technical assistance over the phone or computer using remote access. However, it is not possible for the user to make the company understand the real problem. The customers still believes in the face to face interaction is the best way to solve a problem. Speed of access Accounting software are accessed over the internet; users face some delays due to the internet connection of the location. Sometimes the speed of the processor and the servers used for the software, responds too late as it delays the whole work.. Suggestions and recommendations The latest trend in accounting software involves automation, data analysis and support for the value added services. Automation and the integration of the software will help in the reducing the data entry and will also simply the workflow. Data analysis provides the exact information at the time required. It helps the SMEs to understand the business in a simple way. Providing high amount of data for more perceptive customer discussion by the customer support services comes under the value added advice. These days MYOB may be too focused on building the online presence but the main strategy continues to be the legacy as a desktop software company. The legacy continues to influence the products. However, the company is looking to move its customers into the cloud, as cloud is the future of the accounting software. References Curtis, V., 2012. Making the Most of MYOB AccountRight. Woodslane Press. Curtis, V., 2015. MYOB Software for Dummies-Australia. John Wiley Sons. Jones, D. and Jones, M., 2016. Using QuickBooks Accounting Software to Improve Financial and Production Records for Better Decision Making. In 2016 Annual Meeting, February 6-9, 2016, San Antonio, Texas (No. 229772). Southern Agricultural Economics Association. Lignier, P. and Evans, C., 2012, August. The rise and rise of tax compliance costs for the small business sector in Australia. In Australian Tax Forum (Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 615-672). Pavaloaia, V.D. and Andone, I.I., 2013. Opportunities of innovation with intelligent technologies for the financial and accounting software. Global Journal on Technology, 4(2).

Meteora by Linkin Park free essay sample

Meteora: Linkin Parks’s golden gem. Meteora is the second album released by Linkin Park. It was released in 2003 and has sold over 10 million copies since. People can expect the usual Linkin Park style but with a little more experimentation. Songs like â€Å"Faint†, â€Å"Somewhere I Belong†, and â€Å" Breaking the Habit† that are featured in the album are why people love Linkin Park. But the real ace in the whole is â€Å"Numb† which is believed by many to be Linkin Park’s best song ever made. Songs from this album are similar to the ones from Linkin Park’s first album, Hybrid, but not quite the same. They seem to have added a hint of the unknown and mystery in there songs with a deeper meaning. Most Albums are very repetitive and all of their songs are the same with different lyrics, but Meteora changes it up by delivering an album of different songs that each could’ve become a hit in the top 10 when it was released. We will write a custom essay sample on Meteora by Linkin Park or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would highly recommend this album because it has some of the best Linkin Park songs, and it has sold over 10 million copies what else do I have to say.

Classical Music vs Jazz Music for biginners essays

Classical Music vs Jazz Music for biginners essays In the musicians world, there is a lot of controversy concerning classical music and jazz music. Some will say that classical music is completely out today, but some others will say that jazz is not real music at all. This kind of war between the two thoughts is in the air since a lot of decades, bringing some tensions between the musicians involved in this debate of ideas. In fact, if we compare both styles, we can see theres a lot of differences, but a lot of ressemblances too. Jazz style is known to give more liberty to the musician than the classical music. For example, in the jazz standards (pieces usually drawn from the real book, the reference in jazz), the main themes are written, but theres a lot of empty bars, supported by a riff of the rythm section, which is spared to improvisation. In comparision, in classical music, all the notes are written and we have to play them all the way they are written. The interpretation of a piece is relativly strict: Musicians must pay attention to the life and the era of the composer, thats why they have to study music litterature. They must respect the style and try to product exactly what the composer wanted it to be. In jazz, the accent is put on the feelings of the musician. Some jazz stantards can be played in a happy or a sad style, depending on how the musician want it to sound or on how heshe feels that day. An other difference is in the writing process of the composers. In jazz, the chords are often much more important than the principal melody. They have to be varied. The melody is set on the base of the chords and usually, theres a lot of hitch in the rythm. On the other side, the chords of classical music are really basics. The pieces have been written generally when the jazz chords were seen like evil sounds by the religion authorities. Thats why the composers didnt use them. In the classical style, there can ...

Certain community Essay Example for Free

Certain community Essay Nowadays people in the universe evolved in certain ways in which changes surrounded every single minute of life breathing. As we all live our life everyday, we are in the process of storing experiences which in fact such information about each single interaction that was made in the universe was stored in our mind to provide learning. Storing information had the wider and essential coordination with learning. The things that we encounter each day which are consider the information that will become as an experience later. It is really mysterious though, how the human mind works, and how does the storing of information goes, and indeed that explains how crucial and unfathomable the exploration in dealing learning process. Where did it start? Lets try to imagine how we are when were little kiddos, we really can’t recall the things that we used to do then, that gives us the significance of who we are when grown ups. We all came from our mother’s womb and as we have given the time to see the real world and explore it, different things had shape each personalities that made us of who we are right now. Each of us had cross the path in which our mind is crafted in every level of life changing structure where in to. The process that was made when we see the magnificent world of today and was able to discover what’s the purpose of life out in this real world and as personalities is being shape; this definitely involves information in which we stored, that will mold us in to personalities we are able to become later on. Dealing with changes is information storage, which gives us the opportunities for experiences that are meaningful. The information that we learned is being reproduced for the gaining of substantial knowledge and wisdom. How about Today? Today there were rapid growths of learners who seek for more information, in order to evaluate and acquire, then use the information in more effective manner. There must be literacy skills among personalities in the society. It means that a person should have the initiative to solve problem when arises, decisions are made easier, critical and cooperative learning to pass all life’s challenges. In which every person is being trained in dealing with the societies uncertainties. There are massive forms of information stored, but learners are the captain of their minds as they go along with it. Effectiveness of the stored information is based on how uniquely each individual performs in learning, and how they are able to deal in handling situations. So what will be tomorrow? As of the present time were technologies are being introduce. That offers greater help to the humankind in storing information in the small span of time, many had believed that it’s a great help in achieving greater knowledge in the world today. Technologies are the visualization of an improved and modernized society in which tasks are now made easier and performances are made faster. Developments are now engage by sustaining the society with technologies that can provide broader and wider source of knowledge in which skills are dignified and establish in the required time. And what’s the fuzz? Technologies though had a great help in developing one’s skills, but there must be of proper care. Everyone must rely not on that, alone, it may shortened the time frame of a given task but we must be reminded that technologies are created by the human mind, it is invented, but look at the inner source, it’s the mind of a human that was put into a material to produce certain information. Everyone of us had the mind to produce technologies, but lets always keep this in mind that technologies are just machines in which quality relies on the makers and producers, in either ways in due time it will not give its purpose anymore. I do believe personally that the greatest machine is the one who made it which is our mind. Regardless of what races where raised to, and in which class we belong, surely we are given the mind of its own, capable of doing magnificent things in which we hold further as we embrace the only constant thing in life and that is changes. It’s up to us if we share or not, that enough information that will make source of an introduce technology. In which way or another we hold it as long as we still live in this world. The Impact of New Technologies The impact of new technologies in information skills especially in business is often contemplated by the variety of reasons. One thing is that it is the fastest way of communication in sharing information from one respondent to another. It is believe that these technologies will improve capabilities in an organization. However, in business there is some sort of reconsideration for the fact that it may share information’s to other sectors, that would somehow exploit it, but shared information of new technologies will always been accompanied by remedial actions of the manufacturer itself, it just need to be properly care and all important tools for the information stored will not be exploit. We belong to the fast changing world and new technologies as it is widely spread nowadays will help us improve and achieve success but only if we take precautious methods in using it. It is also helpful in joining the globalization just for the fact that globalization is for improving and fast variety of development in a certain community. New technologies will always be part of globalization it is good to cope for that matter as for businesses concerns as long as we take note of possible circumstances in indulging globalization with new technologies, proper care and guidelines of newly introduced technologies will certainly rises us from our sets, only if handled with knowledge and wisdom in those aspect. Certain community. (2017, Apr 25).

Investigating Japanese Banking Sector Competition - A panel data Dissertation

Investigating Japanese Banking Sector Competition - A panel data approach - Dissertation Example Introduction Albeit the Japanese economy has been long hailed as the model of success in Asia, the transition towards a market oriented economy has not been smooth. Despite of the ravages left in the aftermath of the 2nd world war, the 1960’s and 1970’s saw Japan attain enormously high rates of economic growth (Johnson, 1982). The regulated financial sector working in tandem with the government and business corporations led to a stable and steady integrated economic system which allowed the economy to flourish. The Japanese banking system had a critical role to play in this phase. Not only did the banks act as corporate governing bodies, they also played roles or rescuers when enterprises where in financial difficulties. By providing loans to enterprises that were investing in sectors with strong growth potential these banks shared the risks in similar vein to venture capitalists (Wade, 1999). But in the decades of the 1970’s and 1980’s the fast growing ec onomy compelled by the global environment of market integration had to modify its structure and attempt to adjust to the new environment. Growing domestic businesses gradually had a lower requirement to borrow from the domestic banking system. Circumvention of financing from external sources coupled with developing asset markets through the accumulation over the earlier decades led to alterations in the capital flows and liberalization of the financial sector followed (Noguchi, 1998). In the latter half of the 1980’s decade such liberalization resulted in a lack of adequate tightness in monetary conditions which in turn led to an asset oriented initial upturn and economic boom but finally the asset bubble got burst and this opened the floodgates for Japan’s economic woes. Due to the depressed market conditions the 1990’s have been famously coined as the â€Å"lost decade† (Takahashi, 2011). Since the early 2000’s the Japanese economy has been in th e process of trying to recover through market oriented reforms but no remedy to the ailment which continued to make the economy weaker and the recent global financial crisis has only worsened the situation (see figures 1 to 3). Figure 1 Figure 1 above shows the path of real GDP over time. Evidently the climb is steeper and more steady until 1990 since when evidence of volatility is observed and the slope is flatter as well. A substantial dip is also visible in the mid 2000’s. Figure 2 Figure 2 reveals that the percentage of annual GDP growth has actually been quite volatile. However, more noticeably there is a downward trend in the series and the growth rate has decelerated to negative values over the last few years. Figure 3 Finally figure 3 shows the average growth rate for the four decades since 1970. Evidently the performance was substantially lower in the decade of the 1990’s and to add to the woes of the economy, the growth rate has been even lower in the 1st dec ade of the 2000’s. The economy is still in quest for attaining a system that has the advantage of institutional complementarities as it once had in its golden era of growth. Substantial amounts of research has established that the degree of competitiveness has important bearing on economic growth and

Workforce issues in nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workforce issues in nursing - Research Paper Example Several workforce accounts have appeared in the last decade to describe the cause and influence of the general nursing scarcity on healthcare. The majority of these studies state that registered nurses consist of the prime healthcare profession, with two million positions (Sherman, 2006). A report documented by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations states that, 126,000 vacancies in nursing are not filled in health care institutions (Sherman, 2006). This means that, an overall scale of 13% for the positions is not occupied (Sherman, 2006). The State University of New York reports that, shortages in nursing were quoted as an important point by 90% of the countries involved (Sherman, 2006). A small number of female nurses join the profession due to the availability of employment chances for women in male controlled fields. Few students registered into nursing options as there was a recognized staff shortage, and an aging labor force going for retirement or roles that are stressful (Hart, 2006). The NSSRN reports that, the normal period of the entire registered nurses population was anticipated at the age of 45 in 2000, which is the maximum age since the research was initiated (Buerhaus, Staiger, and Auerbach, 2000). Buerhaus, Staiger, and Auerbach (2000) continue to indicate that very few staff members were below 40 years of age. This explains why a huge percentage of persons have a negative attitude towards the nursing profession. The extent of work satisfaction differs on where nurses perform their duties. Nurses employed in hospitals experience poor job satisfaction. Imbalanced staffing, hefty jobs, overtime, and insufficient wages are quoted as principal contributors to shortage in nursing (Sherman, 2006). In the course of my profession, I have experienced a lot of nurses working overtime with patients. I have also experienced

Ethical hunting Essay Example for Free

Ethical hunting Essay Charles Dickens once said, â€Å"There is a passion for hunting something deeply implanted in the human breast. † I agree with this quote. Hunting is very exciting and fun. However, many disagree with me. No one rides the fence though. You either think that hunting is good or that hunting is bad. What do you believe? Do you think hunting is positive or negative? I believe hunting is good because it helps feed those in need, it helps control the population of wild animals, and it helps farmers who may have animals on their land they want to get rid of. A lot of people look at hunting and think of all the gruesome things we are going to do to Bambi. They never stop to think about what the hunter is doing with the game. Hunters aren’t just killing animals for fun, they use the meat to either eat or donate it. Several hunters give their game to people in need. They donate their meat to homeless shelters or food banks for less fortunate people that might not be able to afford to put enough food on the table. That way the people in need will be able to have a little bit extra on their plate. Hunting also helps control the population of wild animals. You can only hunt during a certain period of time during the year so that the animals are able to reproduce and won’t become extinct. You are also limited to the amount of game you can get. That way it won’t become a chaotic free-for-all and protects the animals from being wiped out. However, if hunting wasn’t legal, the population of wild animals would skyrocket. This would cause a boost in the already high number of car crashes due to animals, such as deer standing in the middle of the road. According to State Farm, an estimated 1. 5 million vehicles collide with deer in the United States. This caused over $1. 1 billion in property damage. These crashes also caused several injuries and deaths. Hunters must also pay to get their hunting license. The money they spend for their licenses go back to the conservation of the environment. Finally, hunting also gets rid of unwanted pests. Several animals annoy farmers and other land owners by messing with the farmer’s crops. Animals will go through the fields and eat the crops that the farmers can go out of business because the crops aren’t plentiful or good enough. For this reason we need hunters because farmers wouldn’t be able to succeed and all of us would suffer because the less crops coming into the stores, the more money the stores are going to ask for the customers to pay for the product. So actually vegetarians depend on hunters. Most vegetarians buy their vegetables from local stores. Hunters get rid of the animals that would ruin the food vegetarians would buy. Many people think hunting is wrong simply because they don’t look at the benefits that come with hunting. Hunting has many benefits including feeding others, controlling wildlife population, and helping farmers get rid of unwanted pests. For most hunters, the reward isn’t killing animals, it’s knowing they helped people that may not be able to survive or succeed without them. That’s what boosts my passion to hunt.

Wal-Mart: Good for American Cities and Towns Essay -- Business Analysi

Wal-Mart has been a staple of America since July 2, 1962, when Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart Discount City store. Within a few years, Wal-Mart Discount City stores began to spread across the country. In 1968, it opened its first stores outside Arkansas, in Sikeston, Missouri and Claremore, Oklahoma. Sam Walton found success in offering consumers options and variety. Since that first store opened, Wal-Mart has now entered the grocery business and now the company controls about 20% of the retail grocery and consumables business. This says a lot about a man who began his retail career after working just 18 months at J.C Penny. Sam Walton found success early on with offering variety, and options when no one else was. Consumers want more for their dollar and Wal-Mart has centered their focus on this idea, and has not apologized for that fact. In fact, Wal-Mart’s sole existence relies on the consumers search for the lowest priced goods. Wal-Mart has transferred itself from a simple variety store into Wal-Mart Supercenter and has other chains which include Wal-Mart Neighborhood Market and Sam’s Club. Wal-Mart Inc. has found a way to offer options to the consumer not classically offered in grocery. By offering options such as an optical center, one-hour photo processing lab, Tire & Lube Express, and even in some cases hair and nail salons, pet shops, and pharmacies, Wal-Mart has taken steps to break the mold and offer consumers options that other stores cannot and has done a good job at that. With these types of options you could be in a Wal-Mart Superstore for hours and complete all of your afternoon shopping. This idea isn’t lost on Wal-Mart Inc., now offering the ability to get a money order from the ATM shows also why Wa... ...s prices gasoline cheaper then local competitors. Wal-Mart also has donated more than $1.5 million national BackPack Program, The Nation’s Food Bank Network will deliver backpacks filled with nutritious, protein-rich food to school children in need. With the money raised thousands of backpacks filled with much needed food for school children to take home. It has helped to rasie funds and build awarness it the problem of hunger, with a â€Å"Be A Part Of The Solution To End Hunger† campaign. Wal-Mart Inc has done a great job at bringing together what is local to the area and what isn’t and bringing to many small towns. So when a Wal-Mart stands up, it isn’t just Wal-Mart Inc who benefit, but the community. REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Mart http://walmartwatch.com/ www.walmartfacts.com/ http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/77/walmart.html

Philippines Annexation Essay

Although controversial to some, the Americans made the right decision to annex the Philippines after successfully freeing them from Spanish tyranny and rule. Without American rule and support, the Philippines would have been an easy target to be taken over by Germany, England or Japan who all would have savaged the land and further suppressed the people. The Filipinos were weak, inexperienced and not ready to establish their own government and self rule themselves. During the time of the annexation, the Americans needed a strategic place in that part of the world to protect their interests, expand their trading partners and show the world they were a power to be reckoned with in spreading democracy. So even though the annexation of the Philippines was views by some as doing the same things as some of the other major countries, the Americans always viewed it as a short term solution to educate the people, help them establish themselves to self rule and to allow them time to prepare to protect themselves from other enemies. At the time the decision to annex the Philippines was made, there were other countries waiting and ready to attack and takeover the control that Spain had lost to the Americans. American rule allowed human rights, freedoms and quality of life that would not have been possible had America walked away and allowed the fledgling country try and rule itself. Germany, England, Japan and even Spain would have jumped at the opportunity to take over control of the Philippines and its many resources. Many important and profitable trade routes utilized the Philippines as a gateway to trade their goods and wares. Although it was profitable for the Americans to control this area and have access to the trade routes and resources, they were helping prepare the Filipinos to one day self rule and govern themselves as a free and independent country. Definitely not an opportunity they would have gained under rule of one of the other dominant and brutal governments. As Albert Beveridge so eloquently stated in â€Å"The March of the Flag† speech, â€Å"We can not retreat from any soil where Providence has unfurled our banner, it is ours to save†¦ for liberty and civilization. Having been brutalized  and controlled for so many years under the tyranny control of Spain and its leaders, the Filipinos were ill prepared and ready to set up their own government and rule for themselves. There would not have been any experienced and supported leader that would have gained the support of most Filipinos. This would have led to fractions fighting, internal battles and weakness within the country. These conditions would have made the Philippines an easy target to be retaken and lose their path to independence they had by being annexed by the Americans. The Americans trained their leaders, helped establish an internal military as well as set up a military base that helped to protect their people from outside attacks and takeovers from other coun tries. Even though others like Abraham Lincoln stated â€Å"that no man is good enough to govern another man without that other’s consent,† leaving the Philippines to be savaged by others would have been much worse for the Filipinos than the temporary annexation by the Americans. During the time the Americans defeated the Spaniards and gained control over Cuba and the Philippines, the world was in constant battle. Many of the powerful countries were trying to expand, conquer and takeover weaker countries and lands. The Americans who believe in democracy and freedom for people knew that they had to show their strength and protect others in the process. The part of the world where the Philippines lies was one of the most volatile and dangerous in the world. That being said, it also had some of the most profitable trade routes, richest resources and was a vital part of the world to have a stronghold. By following through with the annexation of the Philippines, the Americans were able to gain a stronghold on the other side of the world, enrich themselves by gaining access to the valuable resources that were so plentiful and to take the time to help spread freedom and democracy. William McKinley clearly believed and stated that â€Å" we could not turn them over to France and Germany – our commercial rivals in the Orient – that would be bad business and discreditable.† There were many arguments as to the merits of annexing the Philippines or to walk away and grant them their immediate freedom. The Filipinos had been tormented, had their land savaged and destroyed by Spain for so long, there was truly only one humane and correct decision and that was to annex the Philippines. The Americans although financially gained from the decision, never waivered from their long-term commitment to help to train, educate and prepare the Filipinos to  self-rule and govern. Establishing a stronghold in that part of the world helped the Americans establish themselves as a world power and leader in personal freedoms and spreading of democratic governments. With America and its military located on the Philippines they were able to protect the Filipinos from attacks from others with bad intentions such as Germany, England, Japan and Spain. During the time of American annexation, the Filipinos united together, learned the skills necessary to survive and protect themselves from others and over time gained the long-term independence and freedom they never would have secured if not for the annexation of the Americans.

Global Strategy High Fashion Fights Recession Essay

1. Using the Five Forces Framework, how would you characterize the competition in the luxury goods industry? 2. Why was discounting looked down upon by industry peers, all of which were differentiated or focus competitors? 3. What would be the likely challenges in emerging markets for luxury goods firms? OVERVIEW Pumping out fancy clothing, handbags, jewelry, perfumes, and watches, the high end of the fashion industry—otherwise known as the luxury goods industry—had a challenging time in the Great Recession. In 2008, banks were falling left and right, unemployment rates sky high, and consumer confidence at an all-time low. In 2009, total luxury goods industry sales fell by 20%. The high-end fashion industry was dominated by the Big Three: LVMH (with more than 50 brands such as Louis Vuitton handbags, Moà «t Hennessy liquor, Christian Dior cosmetics, TAG Heuer watches, and Bulgari jewelry), Gucci Group (with nine brands such as Gucci handbags, Yves Saint Laurent clothing, and Sergio Rossi shoes), and Burberry (famous for raincoats and handbags). Next were a number of more specialized players such as king of menswear Ermenegildo Zegna and queen of womenswear Christian Lacroix. By definition, high fashion means high prices. An informal code of conduct (or norm) permeates the indus try: no discount, no coupons, no price wars please—in theory at least. But during the Great Recession many firms cut prices—but quietly. The only firm that stood rock solid was the industry leader LVMH, which claimed that it never puts its products on sales at a discount. The bloodbath in the Great Recession forced the weaker players such as Christian Lacroix and Escada to file for bankruptcy. But it made stronger players such  as LVMH even more formidable. They benefitted from an established pattern in high fashion: the flight to quality. In other words, when people have less money, they spend it on the best. As the recession became worse, many middle-class customers in economically depressed, developed economies began to hunt for value instead of triviality and showing off. In addition to managing interfirm rivalry, how to manage the fickle and capricious customers was tricky. As the recession became worse, many middle-class customers in economically depressed, developed economies began to hunt for value instead of triviality and showing off. Emerging markets, especially China, offered luxury goods firms the best hope while the rest of the world was bleak. Since 2008, while global sales declined, Chinese consumption (both at home and traveling) had been growing between 20% and 30%. In 2009, China surpassed the United States to become the world’s second-largest market. In 2011, China rocketed ahead of Japan for the first time as the world’s champion consumer of luxury goods—splashing $12.6 billion to command a 28% global market share. 1. Using the Five Forces framework, how would you characterize the competition in the luxury goods industry? Bargaining power of supplier: very low Bargaining power of customer: medium but low in big brands like LVMH Threat of new entrants: low (potential entrants were not dying to enter when incumbents were struggling) Threat of substitutes: very low (strong brand and high quality) Competition among existing firms: very high (need to deal with in order to survive) The high-end fashion industry was dominated by the Big Three: LVMH, Gucci Group, and Burberry. Next were a number of more specialized players such as king of menswear Ermenegildo Zegna and queen of womenswear Christian Lacroix. As these firms were relatively differentiated, the degree of rivalry between firms is unlikely to be very high. As practices like discounting and price wars were frowned upon during pre-recession times, competition was likely to have been understated, and not overt. However, during the Great Recession, when some luxury goods firms began discounting, competition may have increased. In developed countries,  the threat of entry of potential entr y of new competitors was low during the recession, while the threat of entry was high in Eurasian countries like China, where the market for luxury goods expanded. 2. Why was discounting looked down upon by industry peers, all of which were differentiated or focus competitors? High fashion relies on its high process to maintain its image and demand. The informal code of conduct that governs the high fashion industry dictates no discount, no coupons, and no price wars between competitors. Discounting, a strategy that is frequently used in the low-end fashion industry, is generally viewed as dangerous and poisonous in high fashion, not only to the occasional firm that uses it, but also to the image and margin of the whole world of high fashion. During the Great Recession, for instance, many firms cut prices—but did so quietly. At Tiffany jewelry stores, salespeople advised customers about diamond ring price reductions, but otherwise there was no publicity. Gucci and Richemont offloaded their excess inventory to discount websites. The only firm that stood rock solid was the industry leader LVMH, which claimed that it never puts its products on sales at a discount. When the going gets tough, it destroys stock instead. This strategy benefitted LMVH during the recession, when cash-strapped buyers, following a well-established pattern in high fashion, opted to spend money on a few, classic items of high quality, rather than many lower-priced pieces. LMVH’s avoidance of discounts actually gained market share for the company during the recession, and sales grew from $24 billion in 2008 to $29 billion in 2011. 3. What would be the likely challenges in emerging markets for luxury goods firms? Some of the issues that could arise for luxury firms entering emerging markets are issues with costs involved in transporting the luxury items into emerging market countries, restrictive traffic rights, high import taxes and other challenges with regional governments that can complicate logistics. Adopting or investing in a stronger supply and distribution channels would be important. Also, institutional factors, and possible the liability of its foreignness will have to be strongly considered if the firm plans to function smoothly in an emerging market. Emerging markets, especially China, offer luxury goods firms the best hope while the rest of the world recovers from the recession. As many firms want to enter these markets, competition  will probably be high, and the luxury goods companies will have to operate differently from their operations in the developed markets. As cultures and buying patter ns might differ across countries, firms would need to develop a thorough understanding of their customers in order to succeed in emerging markets.

Creating a logo using ICT Essays

Creating a logo using ICT Essays Creating a logo using ICT Essay Creating a logo using ICT Essay The hardware I used to produce my coursework was the school computers. I completed the work in lesson time, and did research in my own time. With the use of Windows XP on the school computers, I used Microsoft Word to complete all word processing tasks as well as using the mail merge technique when creating my wage slips. I used Microsoft Excel to do my calculations. I used Microsoft Paint to create my company logo, and Microsoft Publisher to scale the image. Company logo A newer computer could have made a difference because an improved graphics program could have made my company logo look more professional. The 2 main categories of software used are Operating systems and Applications software. The Operating System is the name given to software that enables applications software and the rest of the computer system to work. A computer will not be able to function without an Operating System. The most popular types are DOS, Windows 95, 98 and ME, Mac OS, Windows NT and 2000, UNIX and Linux. Each has 5 main tasks: 1. To permit applications software to converse with the systems hardware. 2. To enable the application (e.g word processor) to operate. 3. It manages system resources. E.g, it allocates RAM to particular tasks and in a network, it decides what resources to give to individual users. 4. It monitors and observes the performance of the system, and gives prompts and error messages to the user. For example, it will tell the user that a floppy disk is full and that a new one will need to be used, or that the application is low on resources. 5. It operates utilities such as virus-scanning software. The software I used were Microsoft Word, to word process my reports. I used Microsoft Excel to do automatic calculations, which helped to produce my wage slips. I used Paint to produce my logo, I could have used a more professional program such as Paint Shop Pro or Adobe Photoshop to make my logo look more professional. The input devices are: * Keyboard These are the most common input devices, each of the keys on a keyboard are connected to a switch that closes when the key is processed. If the user is quite new to computers, the process of typing can be slow. * Mouse A mouse is very easy to use, there are usually 2 or 3 buttons on a mouse. When the cursor is placed over an icon, for example, the mouse buttons can be clicked, double clicked, or right clicked. Sensors measure the movement of the ball, and from this, the computer can work out the direction and distance the mouse has travelled. * Scanner With scanners, a picture is passed through it and is converted into digital data. One of the benefits of using a scanner is that the image can be manipulated and edited. * Camera -They are like scanners, they save an image as a series of dots known as pixels. The Image taken can then be uploaded to a computer and also may be edited using a photo editing software. I didnt make use of the camera or scanner; my coursework could have been improved by using the scanner to scan in a drawn logo. The output devices are: * Printer The printer I used is a Hewlett Packard LaserJet 4050, which was the only printer we could have used. Its a laser printer, meaning that the data can be sent to the printer in complete pages, one page at a time, they are similar to photocopiers. Advantages are that, they are very quiet, very fact (10 pages a minute), and the printing produced is in very high resolution and can produce high quality documentations. The most cost effective printer would be the ink jet, as I costs less than laser printers and produces better quality printouts than dot matrix printouts. * Monitor also known as VDUs (Visual Display Units) are used when visual information is needed and is most commonly used as an output device. User guide for system * Firstly turn on the machine and log onto the network by entering your username and password, then, let the network load. * Open the application the needed to create the logo, in this case its Paint. Use the various tools on the left hand side and the extensive colours on the bottom to create the logo. * When you are happy, click on File at the top left hand side of the screen then Save give it a file name then click on the drop down button next to Save as type and save it as a JPEG, these are better than bitmaps because JPEGs are much smaller in file size. * The mouse is only really needed in this program unless you need to enter a number in order to rotate the graphic to a certain degree. * Next, open the spreadsheet application; in this case it is Microsoft Excel. Enter the various data and formula into the cells using the keyboard. * When this is done, go to File then Save and choose a file name before clicking Save. * When printing, click File then Print choose the desired number of copies you wish to print then click OK. * To shut down the system, simply click the Start button on the bottom left hand size of the screen, then Log Off. User Documentation The system must be tested both during building and after it has been built. As the name suggests, user documents are written to help the people who will perform tasks using the system. They give instructions on how to perform tasks, it can be hard to write because it needs to be written in simple language form so the users can clearly understand what it is they need to do. A good tip would be to pretend that the person reading it is thick! In my user documentation, to make it better, I would break it down into smaller steps so it is easier for the person who is reading it to understand. A trouble-shooting guide is a way of help if you unsure of what to do in the program you are working on. In the Microsoft applications I used, such as Word or Excel, the shortcut key to bring up the troubleshooter is F1. A common problem that I came across during the coursework was that the computer crashed in the middle of a word document, the problem was resolved by rebooting the system, but it would then be hit or miss, as my work would either be lost or recovered. How ICT has benefited the system IT has helped my system in a number of ways: Advantages It helped create the wage slips in a much more quicker and efficient way, by using the mail merge technique; it saves time instead of producing 10 separate wage slips. Using ICT saves on storage, you can keep a database with all your employees information, which saves keeping information in large filing cabinets, it also take time to search for a particular employee. In work, fewer staff are needed to look after the computer system and more than one person can access the same data from their network P.C Disadvantages The disadvantages of keeping your employees information on your computer would be that, information could be lost, or your computer may catch a virus, causing all your files to be infected thus, having to wipe off all memory from your system. The system would also need to be kept secure and away from hackers, meaning that the system must be maintained by people, therefore, training costs could be high Setting up a computer system or network can be very expensive. Systems for large organisations can cost millions of pounds. Even though they are very comprehensive, computer systems are not perfect, if there is a system failure, important data could be lost. My system I worked on the school computers, the system worked good, however it was quite restricting due to some of the features that you could not access. An alternative solution would be to use my home computer, but that would mean not being able to do any work in lesson time. Given more time, I would.

Individual work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual work - Essay Example Service delivery industries’ success is dependent on customer satisfaction. Lack of respect and ethical impairment is also visible among the company staff. For instance, the hotel’s manager insults the disabled guest of being unable to get to the dance floor instead strategizing on the required changes for improving on service delivery. One of the possible means of addressing these issues is the assessment of the service quality for improving service delivery, identifying customer problems and ensuring satisfaction. The manager should also identify and target the service needs of clients in order to satisfy them. The staff members should always be able to handle all guests regardless of their age and gender. The client should establish a service culture through staff training. The management should not be focused on the number of guests they receive, but the quality of service they offer. The guest’s expectations can only be achieved if the challenges facing the employees are addressed adequately. Listening to the employees enables the management to identify and curb the challenges facing them. The new employees should be tested to prove their ethical qualifications. This ensures that the services being offered to customers are of high quality. Guests should not be discriminated under any consideration regar dless of their physical strengths or weaknesses. The client should include regulations capable of accommodating the emerging services. The client should also ensure that all the services offered conform to current changes in technology. For instance, the disabled guest could have accessed the dance floor if the necessary technology was available. Lack of prior booking by the guest is an indication of existence of poor marketing and inefficient awareness. This implies that the client should invest in promoting marketing and customer awareness. The main

Literature review saudi arabian culture Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Saudi arabian culture - Literature review Example that the Western understanding of Muslim women appears unduly influenced and limited by evidence from only a few regions of Saudi Arabia2. The social science scholarship most familiar to the West about Muslim women seems to focus disproportionately on the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA). Often seen as the land of Muslim excellence, ‘MENA’ is in fact home to fewer than 20 percent of the world’s Muslims. Nevertheless, it is an unfortunate reality that women in Saudi Arabian society, and in its local communities, face gender-based inequalities associated with Saudi’s so-called ‘patriarchal gender system.3’ Aspects of this originally pre-capitalist system persist in rural areas across a wide swath of lands, both Muslim and non-Muslim, from East Asia to North Africa. The Saudi Arabian social system, regardless of its religion, features and encourages kin-based extended families, male domination, early marriage (and consequent high fertili ty), restrictive codes of female conduct, the linkage of family honour with female virtue, and occasionally, polygamous family structure. In all Muslim areas, veiling and sex-segregation generally form part of the gender system.4 The seclusion of women from the rest of the world alongside the concurrent ban on sexualisation of women in the public eye has led to increased levels of sexual violence and abuse directed towards both women and children5. It is only recently that researchers have uncovered more accurate statistics on the occurrence of this abhorrent violence following the establishment of human rights based projects and refuges to rescue and protect women and children as well as to promote the welfare of the wider-public in general. 1) General Theoretical Background: Women and Gender An important foundation for the study of women and gender is to be found in the feminist literature of the 1970s. Around this time scientists had begun to untangle the complex interplay betwee n biological gender differences, and the abstract concept of gender, which is now a socially determined construct imposed on all human beings from the moment they are born. (Maccoby and Jacklin, 1974) Terminology such as ‘the sexual revolution’ (Millet, 1970) were used to describe the birth of consciousness about women’s subordination to men in patriarchal societies and many aspects of women’s lives were re-examined in this light. This analysis is similar to some Marxist ideas because it identifies the concentration of wealth and power in one area as the source of oppression: â€Å"the position of women in patriarchy is a continuous function of their economic dependence.† (Millet: 1970) Another American feminist studied the ways in which women in patriarchal societies are conditioned to adopt domestic and subservient roles, stressing the social constraints, which are described as â€Å"a comfortable concentration camp.† (Friedan: 1963, p. 438 ) Later, scholars moved away from

Cultural Differences and People Management ,self reflection Essay

Cultural Differences and People Management ,self reflection - Essay Example During the training session I was able to learn that culture is not just a characteristic of individual but it is a characteristic of individuals that share the same ideas in the group. As culture is learned, I was able to figure out that during time with my friends, colleagues, family and other groups that individual becomes a member of; the individual learns the culture from them in order to have share common ideas and values. I have also learnt that culture plays a dominant role in affecting the motivation level of an individual along with personality and attitude of individual. Since culture helps an individual to change his/her behaviour regarding things, it is considered as an important factor for success in daily life. After understanding the concept of culture, I was able to understand the importance of culture in daily life. The first and the foremost important thing about culture is that it creates bond between people and group. This bond helps in bringing the people together. It is not just a bond but it provides the individual with the identity and helps in building a personality which helps the individual to distinguish himself from others in the community. I have also been able to understand that how culture shapes the standards and behaviour of an individual. For an individual, culture acts as a system of social control. As the life of an individual revolves around the culture learnt from older generation in the form of language, art and religion it helps the individual to make crucial decisions in one’s life. Cultural difference occurs when there is a difference in culture, race or any other factor that might lead to different perception regarding others in the workplace (Gellner, 1983). I have learnt that individual belong from different cultures which help the individual to create his/her unique identity in the group, it is quite important to accept and appreciate others culture. By doing so, an individual can create a bond between

Neighbourly Relations Essay Example for Free

Neighbourly Relations Essay Examine the argument that neighbourly relations are characterised by friendly distance. Neighbourly relations are an aspect of life which affects every single one of us at some point in our lives. When we look to live somewhere we not only consider the property and general area, but are also curious about our neighbours. A common question when viewing a property is ‘what are the neighbours like? ’ and the answer is usually ‘they are really nice’ whether they are or not! But what makes a good neighbour? Some people get on with their neighbours but just as many don’t and usually it’s due to what can appear as trivial disputes. This essay will look at the term ‘friendly distance’ which plays a huge part in how neighbours interact with each other. Many studies have asked the question ‘what makes a good neighbour? ’ and social scientists have found that despite different back grounds or settings the majority of people want the same set of standards from the people living near or around them. People need to be friendly and be there for each other but at the same time respect each others’ ‘need for privacy and reserve’ (Willmott. , cited in Byford, 2009, p. 253). So you have to be friendly but keep your distance at the same time. So how do we do this? Neighbouring relations comes with it’s own set of unwritten rules. These rules are constantly being portrayed and carried out in our day to day lives subconsciously. A 2004 study carried out in Manchester neighbourhoods further shows that this is a widespread practice. Neighbours of various areas demonstrated similar actions and practices of what is expected from neighbours, a common one being that they will chat with their neighbour when they are outside of the house if they see them but wouldn’t they wouldn’t go in each other’s house (Harris and Gale, cited in Byford, 2009, p. 55). This type of understanding of what is expected of a neighbour is also echoed in another study where neighbouring is seen as an ‘occasioned activity’ (Laurier et al. , cited in Byford, 2009, p. 256). This study showed that whilst neighbours can exchange pleasantries quite happily with one another if they meet in a public place, they would only directly go to the neighbours house and ring their door bell if there was something specific they wanted of if something was wrong. Although similar studies were carried out in the USA and findings were very much the same as the UK, other countries and cultures can be quite different. In 1970, the anthropologist Stanley Brandes visited Spain to study how modernisation and urbanisation affected small rural communities there. He resided in the village of Becedas and observed the daily life of it’s residents. What he found there was quite different to the UK, in that neighbours would enter each other’s houses without knocking or a second thought. They introduced themselves immediately by name and offered their help and went out of their way to make Brandes feel welcome. (Brandes, 1975, cited in Byford, p. 260). But as Brandes resided there longer he came to understand that what appeared at first as welcoming and friendly practices, it actually belied a community that in reality was quite mistrusting and critical of each other. Privacy was not seen as necessary and someone who required it would be considered rude and impolite. The poor status of the village meant that the villagers relied on each other for daily help with manual labour and other traditional activites. Without each other they felt they couldn’t surive even, but this high dependence on each other masked the underlying feeling of distrust they had for each other. But what about when neighbouring goes wrong? As human beings we can’t get it right all the time and relations can break down leading to disputes and disagreements. Noisy neighbours is a common complaint and one that is suffered more commonly in overcrowded housing estates where insulation is poor. This in turn leads to a lack of privacy and leads to a neighbours making adjustments within their daily life to prevent embarrassment of being overheard. These adjustments can referred to as ‘distancing mechanisms’ (Bourke, 1994, cited in Byford, p. 266). Such adjustments could include turning the bed away from the adjoining wall, and other ways of preventing noise from being heard. So although people can do what they like in their own homes, they are expected to take necessary steps to minimise what other’s can hear. Another much more serious example of neighbourly relations going wrong is exhibited within the cases of the murders of Catherine Genovese and James Bulger. Although neighbours assume they offer security to one another and ‘look out for each other’ (Attwood et all. , cited in Byford, p. 271) the public exposure of both the above cases uncovered a massive breakdown in neighbourly relations. In both cases a large number of residents heard screams, or observed unusual behaviour which left them concerned but they failed to do anything. A number of studies were carried out to study ‘bystander intervention’ to determine why these people didn’t help. One study carried out showed that if one person helps out then nother may do as well, but people are led by each other’s actions (Latane and Darley, cited in Byford, p. 279) and this was referred to as the ‘bystander effect’. In another study by Levine (1999) he found that the percieved relationship between the three boys in the Bulger case led to the reason why no-one intervened. People failed to get involved because they assumed the boys were all brothers and it was nothing to do with them. As neighbours we commonly share a social identity, or even a collective identity through our relationship with each other. This shared identity should profer a loyalty to each other as people within a shared group usually ‘stick together’. However, it would seem neighbourly relations are alot more complex than merely a shared identity. Neighbouring practices are carried out without thinking within our normal day, and these practices allow us to manage the fine line of private and public space. Neighbourhood life is ordered and defines how people should live together, and go about their daily lives without interfering but also by being there for each other too.

Sleep Monitoring System Technology

Sleep Monitoring System Technology Fully equipped quilt Improve your sleep with new media and communication technology Explosion of information and advance of technology boost our life into a faster paced mode than ever before. This fast paced life increases the productivity of the whole society, but at the same time, brings healthy problems to an increasing number of individuals. Sleeping is one of the most important aspect of our daily life, as well as a critical period for fixing the damage we have done to our bodies in the daytime. However, more and more people are losing their sleeping due to the pressure comes from outside world, leading to a vicious circle to their health. The product, a quilt, introduced in this article will be devoted to improving sleep and health conditions of the group of people who have sleep disorders and potential health problems. It will make use of the known facts of health indicators and existing technologies to inform the current health condition of the user and help with getting better experience in sleeping. Health Indicator Detector There are many things that people will use every day, the one with the longest consecutive using period is our quilt. The quilt I design takes advantage of this characteristics, making use of touch-skin sensors to detect and monitor user’s health indicators in a quiet and precise way. One of the basic functions of this part is measuring body temperature. Traditional mercury thermometer will not be used, instead of it, infrared thermometer will be a better way to go. An infrared thermometer is a thermometer which indicates temperature from a part of the thermal radiation emitted by the object being measured. It can be used to help aim the thermometer, to describe the devices ability to measure temperature in a certain distance. By knowing the amount of infrared energy emitted by the object and its emissivity, the objects temperature can often be determined (Infrared Thermometer). Another basic function for this part is measuring heartbeat. Since the heartbeat’s contraction is equal to the pulse, which is how many times a minute, our arteries expand because of the increase in blood pressure originated by our heartbeat. So the heartbeat is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system (Microcontroller Measures). The microcontroller, fingertip will be used for measuring heartbeat. Heartbeat will pump the blood go through the body and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation can be used on an optical sensing mechanism to put on the fingertip. The signal can also be used in this microcontroller to calculate the volatility, it is actually in the heart rate is magnified. (Microcontroller Measures) Both these heartbeat measuring machine and infrared thermometer two devices will be placed in a Wi-Fi environment, and the data which is collected from the user will be transmitted to the personal computer. Users can set a certain indicator, if the data exceeds the normal values, it will warning the user to go to the hospital to check their body whether they have health problems or not. Wireless Sleeping Respiration Monitor To achieve the goal of monitoring users’ respiration while sleeping, respiration sound sensor will be needed for the quilt. In addition, after detecting sleeping hazards like respiration arrest or sleep apnea, vibrate module hidden inside of the quilt will function to wake up the user to prevent further risk. The whole system consists of three major parts, monitoring and data collection device, wireless communication devices and vibrating wake-up device. Monitoring and data collection device, as known as respiration sound sensor, will sense the user’s respiration sound, reduce the noise, amplify and digitalize the signal and pass it to wireless communication module. Wireless communication device will take over the collected data, encapsulate it and then send it via either Wi-Fi connection or Bluetooth connection. Those connections are connected with a device with data processing power, our smartphones will easily serve the purpose. After processing the received data, the data processing device will inform the vibration unit whether it needs to wake up the user based on the result comparing to the data in an online database. If the vibration module receives the signal to wake up the user, it will send pulse vibration to user’s body to wake them up. The significance of the advantage is that sensors could be close to user’s nose and mouth to collect much better and precise data without interrupting or hindering the proper sleeping process. It improved the user experience by a remarkable amount from head-wearing devices with similar functions. In addition, the data is amplified and sent to user’s smartphone, a hand-held device, which increases the scalability. We could achieve more usage of the existing sensors by programming the applications on those hand-held devices, and keep them working properly and even better by distributing software/firmware updates over the internet. What if the computing devices is installed into the quilt? Users will feel hard to fall asleep because it is too heavy, and there could be hazards when the computing unit overheats over a period of intensive data processing. So using external hand-held device reduces the total weight and potential hazard of the quilt and in the meantime increase s the processing power and stability (Patent). Sleep Monitoring System There is no doubt for the importance of sleeping, but because of the quick paced and high pressure environment, we cannot have a good sleep, which will threaten our health. But with the development of advanced technology, we can use it to trace our sleeping status, to find the problems and solve it, in order to improve our sleeping quality. There are many applications exist on the phone, like in IOS platform, in the Android system and in the Windows Phone. The principle for smartphones and applications to monitor the sleep status are similar. They place an accelerometer in the phone to sense your action like turn over while you sleeping, in order to determine the depth of sleep. Of course, compare to the professional equipment, the monitor of mobile phones is not that much accurate, but the cost is much lower than other equipment. However, studies show that the radiation phone emit will affect the quality of our sleep. According to the working principle of the smartphone, an accelerometer can also be placed in the quilt, it will percept the user’s motion during sleep more precisely. There will also a small microphone in the quilt, it can record user’s fudge while their sleeping. Like I mentioned in the Health Indicator Detector, the recorder is also connected with Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, transmitted to the personal computer or application on the smartphone. Besides this, tiny speaker can also be placed with the microphone, since the system can be connected with the personal computer, user can play some white noise in the speaker, which can be used to block snoring and other unwanted sounds, leading to deeper, more restful sleep (White Noise). When the system find out the user enter a deep sleep, it will pause playing the white noise. This system can be used by anyone who even has little knowledge of scientific facts about sleeping or biology to easily track their status of sleeping. Reports could also be generated for a day, a week or a month based on the stored data in the personal computing device. It is really helpful for users to figure out what the trend of sleeping quality is like, either becoming better or worse. Additionally, the reports could be used for consulting doctors and physicians for what they need to improve their sleeping. Conclusion This quilt is not a product with totally new media or communication technology. It is a practical product with many existing technologies to provide an innovative service, and all the technologies used in this product have been used in years and are very mature in the market. However, products that can provide the similar convenience as the quilt does haven’t been found yet. Tossing and turning will not be a huge obstacle anymore for them to fall asleep with the help of white noise. Potential health hazards could also be found out be various monitoring system and data analyzing device. We can imagine that if this quilt arrives in store, it could save an enormous group of people with sleeping problems and using the media and communication technology to serve people, to help them feel better when the night comes. Citations Infrared Thermometer.Infrared Thermometer. OMEGA Engineering Inc., 1999. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. Microcontroller Measures Heart Rate through Fingertip.Instructables.com. Instructables, n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. White Noise Benefits and Uses.White Noise Cds.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2014.Patent CN102860840A Wireless Sleeping Respiration Monitor.Google Books. Ed. Yujuan Quan, Qingnan Liu, Lei Wang, and Deming Chen. Google Patents, 09 Jan. 2013. Web. 19 Apr. 2014.

Its Time to Terraform Mars :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It's Time to Terraform Mars "Earth is Heaven. Venus is Hell. Mars is neither, yet." K.G.M. Paterson Introduction Our solar system began to form 4.6 billion years ago from a swirling mass cloud. Give or take a couple of million years, the gas cooled and joined to form large bodies called â€Å"protoplanets,† which later became the planets we know today. Whatever was left after the planets formed became comets or asteroids, strewn about all over the solar system. After 100 million years, the enormous ball of gas at the center of this swirling mass cloud overheated and exploded in a huge nuclear reaction. This reaction gave birth to the sun we know today. This sun has enough energy to provide for nine planets, and just the right mix of masses and orbits to provide Earth with the right ingredients to support life. Of course, after many more millions of years, these right ingredients led to the recipe for human life; soon people of the ancient world observed the movements of the planets. The ancient Greeks thought they were wandering stars, and gave them the name planetes, or wanderers . Of course, the Romans conquered the Greeks, and renamed the planets after their gods. Earth is the only planet whose name doesn’t derive from ancient Greek or Roman mythology. Earth comes from the Old English word Gaia; but the Romans called our planet Terra, hence Terra Firma. Mars was said to be named after the god of war because of its angry red color; but early on Mars was worshipped as a god of growth and fertility. Earth This third rock from the sun has just the right mix of variables to encourage and sustain life on it for so many years. But why here and no where else you ask? Most of it has to do with the fact that it is the third rock from the sun. The distance from the sun (150 million km) is just the right distance to allow for water to exist as a liquid, an important ingredient to sustain life. With over 2/3 of the planet covered with water, the Earth’s oceans are perfect for regulating the temperature of the planet at a consistent 22 °C, another important ingredient to allow life to survive. With a powerful magnetic field

Current topics

A Wag Whenever one sits down to write on the mess that one finds in the arena of higher education, one is struck by a sense of d ©J ¤ vu as well as a sense of inability to say nything new. Pawan Agarwal's comprehensive paper that he wrote for ‘CRIER, the excellent report by National Knowledge Commission (headed by the irrepressible Sam Pitroda) are Just two of the many articles that easily come to mind. The first one mentioned, has exhaustive data at a fairly disaggregated level so that this aspect need not detain us here.The issues and challenges in this context -that are fairly well understood – are diverse not typical. Thus, the challenge is not epistemological but one of political will and at a more mundane level of implementation. In India, it oes not take a genius to point out the problems in any sphere, least of all in the higher educational sector. The point however is (ought to be) to identify workable solutions. In this article I will concentrate on the cap acity, flexibility and quality issues that beset the higher educational sector in India and suggest some steps that need to be taken to remedy the situation.Rest assured, there will be no magic wand and no single solution. Help and initiative from whatever quarter must be sought and grabbed by both hands. A bouquet approach will alone be realistic, driven by ragmatism rather than ideology. Whilst finance is undoubtedly important, I argue that governance is the key. The essentials of the story are easily told: Despite tremendous expansion in the sector, there is inadequate capacity and hence access; after all we have 350 universities with huge enrollment (one of the largest in the world).The system is characterized by rigidity with absolutely no flexibility; we have degrees being offered in a rigid framework with very little choice for the students (who should matter the most) and the regulations are archaic with peculiar unresponsiveness to the current context. Thanks to the pervers e hiring policies and protracted procedures (not to mention politics: with and without state interference) the quality of faculty is in a state of rapid decline. The reasons and solutions are well known and yet some of them bear repetition.Having made a first cut let us revisit the issues in some detail, but first some preliminaries. India is at cross roads. It has all the pretensions of emerging as a knowledge economy and yet the time is running out for it to catch the bus. Surely, we don't require Thomas Friedman to point out the gravity of the situation. After all, what we o today – by way of investment – will have a decisive influence fifteen years from now. For that is how long (even in these fast paced times) it takes for changes in educational system to fructify.It is no secret that a genuine knowledge has a prerequisite of solid foundation provided by educational institutions characterized by relevance and excellence in training and research. This then must pro vide us with the parametric environment for what follows. The long queues in front of the colleges as well as the screaming headlines in the newspapers, starkly present the scarcity of capacity in the higher educational sector. The premium that the seats in better colleges for almost all the courses attract is common knowledge.Whilst there are supervisory mechanisms in place (de Jure) we know that supervision many a time means additional side payments. As an aside, the only solution lies in self enforcing system design which in this case would clearly imply removal of striuctural and overall scarcities through increased capacities. The National Knowledge Commission (NKC) report talks of setting up 50 National Universities (over a period) with augmented resources leading to capacity enhancement.There is the private universities' bill which should help too. There is a scope for great enhancement of capacity in the PPP mode, for which the regulation has to be more welcoming if not frie ndly. Whilst there is a need to think out of box, there is no denying the fact that the traditional state funding mode will however continue to be of importance for at least some time to come. We must once and for all put an end to view that improvements are possible witn Just non-monetary means.This implies a self binding commitment on the part of governments at all levels to provide the necessary financial resources. The urrent spending on higher education that is pegged at around 0. 7% of GDP must be doubled. This will require a serious lobbying effort. In this context, it may be noted that there is much that can be done by the institutions on their own in terms of raising resources. Alumni represent a huge potential source, so also setting up of off shore campuses and attracting foreign students are other obvious sources.However, this will require some amendments in the existing provisions of the ‘Act', also, experience suggests that such efforts are ‘rewarded' by cu t back in aid, instead of matching incentive grants being proffered. Such efforts in the past have been – post facto – subjected by the government, to severe restrictions on the use of monies so collected. Clearly there is a governance issue involved here. This apart, the required enabling (through regulatory changes) of private sector is a must for the purposes of raising supplementary resources.The private endowments which at one time were significant, have to be restored through incentive based legislation. At the same time the interference – as distinct from engagement – of the State in all aspects of education has to be significantly reduced, especially in the ‘operations' and rocedural aspects. This has been a major cause that led to the Universities being converted into patron saints of mediocrity! The state must truly practice private enablement with ‘oversight from a distance'. Of course, the processes involved in the setting up in th e national universities (or even investing in old ones! are so long drawn and convoluted that with the given absorption capacity of the institutions it will be some time before the plan becomes a reality. Also, and more importantly, the paucity with regard to the attendant requirement of quality faculty (which we shall ook at later) is so great that even with physical infrastructure the delivery will not be assured. This requires some bold and innovative thinking and application which requires a key governance initiative. The external agencies like the corporations and industries will have to play (be enabled to do so) a major role.In the interim, I would suggest that IT enabled distance learning mode as well as the platform for e-learning have to be exploited to the fullest extent. This will require huge organization and collaborative effort of the best minds. It is especially required to mention this here ecause these avenues (particularly the first mentioned) are pretty much have received step treatment and have been left to the whims and fancies of the second raters. This has created sections of milch cows that fraudulently extract money from the hapless students and give nothing in return.

Vhdl for Synthesis

ELE591 – VHDL for Synthesis Issue 1. 0: 1st December 2010 The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to familiarise you with the principles of VHDL for synthesis targeted at programmable logic devices. You will observe how various VHDL descriptions result in Register Transfer Level (RTL) implementations and how these can be implemented within specific logic devices. The principles of back-annotation will also be explored and how this can be used to examine performance limitations of specific hardware resource mappings. This lab assumes you are already familiar with Xilinx ISE and ModelSim, given that ELE335 is a prerequisite for this module. If necessary, consult the ELE335 lab guide, which is included in the Coursework section of the ELE591 module webpage. Most of the VHDL files needed for this lab are also available from the same location. Exercise 1: Aim: To compare the results of different architectural descriptions for the same entity Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise1†. Add the file ex1a. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Select the Spartan3 as the target device Compile and synthesise the VHDL description and examine the design report file, paying particular attention to the resource utilisation summary (and timing path analysis). Also examine the RTL design. †¢ Repeat with the files ex1b. vhd and ex1c. vhd and compare the results. Exercise 2: Aim: To illustrate the use of â€Å"don’t care† values in synthesis Steps: †¢ Create a proje ct named â€Å"exercise2†. Add the file docare. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Add the file dontcare. hd as a â€Å"VHDL module† and repeat the synthesis. †¢ Compare the report files. Exercise 3: Aim: To illustrate logic resource requirements for conditional versus mutually exclusive input conditions Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise3†. Add the file cond. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Add the file exclusiv. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† and repeat the synthesis. †¢ Compare the report files. Also compare the timings at the design logic level and at the place and route level. Exercise 4: Aim: To review resource and timing requirements of a complex reset function Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise4†. Add the file cntpt. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile, synthesise and simulate the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Review the report file paying particular attention to the reset equation. †¢ Now examine the file cntpt2. vhd which employs a synchronous complex reset. †¢ Attempt to simulate the designs and comment on the reset timing in both cases. Exercise 5: Aim: To compare CPLD and FPGA implementations of a FIFO design Steps: Create a project named â€Å"exercise5†. Add the file fifo. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Recompile the design for a Coolrunner2. †¢ Compare the report files and the resulting RTL layouts. †¢ Place and route both designs †¢ Compare the design files paying particular attention to the maximum operating frequency and the amount of resources used. Which timing parameter is the limiting factor on the operating frequency in each case? Exercise 6: Aim: To illustrate the effects of implicit memory Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise6†. Add the file memcont. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device. †¢ Examine the report file. †¢ Add the file memcont2. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module†. In this file the signal assignments for oe, we and addr are removed from under the reset condition. †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device. †¢ Compare the report file with that of the original design. Verify that implicit memory resulted in the creation of a combinatorial latch. Exercise 7: Aim: To illustrate the advantage of â€Å"one hot† encoding of large state-machines implemented in FPGA architectures Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise7†. Add the file onehot. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Place and route the design and record the number of logic cells required, the setup time, clock-to-output delay and maximum operating frequency. †¢ Now employ the file notonehot. vhd. This uses the synthesis tool to assign values to the various enumerated states. Compile and synthesise the updated design targeting the Spartan3 device. †¢ Place and route the design and record the number of logic cells required, the setup time, clock-to-output delay and maximum operating frequency. †¢ Compare the results with the original design. This series of experiments should be written up as an INDIVIDUAL formal lab report. The report will be limited to a maximum of 8 pages of main text (i. e. omitting title page etc). The hand-in date is the 17th December, unless you are informed otherwise.